Every immigration journey is unique and depends heavily on personal circumstances. One of the key decisions in the process of acquiring U.S. permanent residency is choosing between ‘Adjustment of Status’ and ‘Consular Processing.’ This choice largely depends on where your foreign relative is residing during the application process.

Adjustment of Status – An In-Country Route to Residency
If your family member is already in the U.S. when applying for permanent residency, the Adjustment of Status is the typical pathway. This process allows an eligible person to apply for permanent residency without leaving the country. It involves submitting applications, attending a biometrics appointment, and concluding with an interview at a local USCIS office. The major advantage of this route is the ability to stay within the U.S. throughout the process.

Consular Processing – The Out-of-Country Pathway to Permanent Residency
On the other hand, if your relative is outside the U.S. during the application process, they would undergo Consular Processing. This process requires the applicant to attend an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate in their home country. After approval, they would receive an immigrant visa, allowing them to enter the U.S. as a permanent resident.

Choosing the Right Path
While both pathways lead to the same destination—permanent residency—their processes and timelines differ significantly. The choice between Adjustment of Status and Consular Processing is an important decision that depends on multiple factors, including your relative’s current location, immigration status, and personal circumstances.